Class 8
Ch-3 Ruling the Country side.
Indigo–
Because of good climate is good for growing of indigo. In thirteen century it was used in Italy, France and Britain. But because of high price so, the in less amount of indigo reach in British
Wood is another-plant used for making violet and wood was grown which us blue dyes. First in northern italy.
The two main parts of indigo cultivation
Nij-The planter produced into in lands that he directly controlled
Ryots-The plants forced the to sign a contract, an agrement (satta).
The a mugal emperar amplaited The east india company devon of bengal on as –12 Aug 1765.
After that the company became the chef finiantial administration of the territory under its control. Now it had to think administering organising the land and its reul nul resources The company had became diwan but it still saw ut self maarall primily as a trader it wanted a lange revenue income so, they introduce revenue collection.
The permanet setelment-
It was intrudue in 1793 in which rajas were ask to collect rent For presents and pay revenue. It is also settement which permanent at which the of revenul once Fixed rate can not be changed.
By early ninteen century many company of official wereconuised that rew nu the system of had to be tane changed. In 1822 as english men Holt mackeze deliced in new system
Mahalvari system- The revenue by the head of was collected the village on unit From one village (mahal). It was to be fixed revised periodically not fixed.
Manio system (Rets Ryotwory system) –
This system was developed by Thomas murna And it was extended all our south india. He felt that south india were not tradional jamindar The settlement had to be paid & directly with the cultivator ryots & so, british sould act as parental father Figure protecting the their ‘charge’ Exopes Par ryots under their charge
Crop for europe-
By the late 18 century the country wanted to spand the cultivation of opium and indigo because theirprice was wry high in open market. The britis, forced vatory in various parts of India to produce other crops. Jute in Bengal, tea in Assam,Sugarcane in the Uttar Pradesh, wheat in Punjab, cotton ja maharashtra and Punjab rice in Madras.
Q1 Describe the main feature of the Permanent settlement.
ANS. The main feature of the Permanent settlement are—
1 It was land rewnal system intrudce by lord Corn wallis in 1793.
2 The revenue to be paid by the Zamindar was fixed on the permanent basis:
3-The per colutivators became the tenants of the zamindars.
4-The Zamindar acted as the ajent of gourment for the collection of the cultivators rewn w from conector
5 The zamindar had to the reunul even if resion the crop pay fail for some
Q2 How was mohalwari system different from the Permanent settlement?
Ans 1 Under the mahalwari system, I the revenue was collected from the village as one unit.
2 It would be colleted through the representative of the village.
3 The amount of revenue was revised priodicaly .
Permanent setelment
1 But in permanent setelmint the rew nue basis was fixed on permanent basis
2-The zamindar became the owner of lands and cal cultivators. became tenant of the zamindar.
Q5. Give two problems which arose with the new munro system or fixing revenue?
Ans Thomas Munro new land rewenul system in south western part of India which was also known as rutwari stelment. The main problems are-
1. Rate of fixed rewnal was high and lovechand the collector were rigid and harsh.
2– So, cultivators have to depind on the money landers.
3-. In case the crop a faild as they were unable to pay the fixed revenue.
4– Presents were at unable to pay, ryot fled the country side and willagers became desert in many reason.
Q6- Why were reluctant to grow indigo?
Ans First of all regts & resent very low price to grow indigo I thin were another problems too
1 -The planters usually interested that indigo be cultivated on the bust soil in which present cultivate the vice.
2 –Indigo more over how deep roots exosted the soil rapidly
3 After an indigo harvest, the land could not be sown with rice. So, royts were elected reluctant to grow indigo
Q7-What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal.
Ans – The circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal are as follows
1 It was not profitable for fog ryots
2- They got low price for they production.
3- Cycle of loan was never ending.
4- Soil was exhausted after the harvest of indigo in which the rice could not be Sown.
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